The very beginning of the archive contains a cookie, which serves to identify the file as a flash archive. It is also used by the deployment code for identification and validation purposes.

The case-sensitive, newline-terminated cookie that identifies version 1.n flash archives, is FlAsH-aRcHiVe-1.n, where n is an integer in the range 0 through 9.

The archive version is designed to allow for the future evolution of the flash archive specification while allowing applications that process flash archives to determine whether specific archives are of a format that can be handled correctly. The archive version is a number of the form x.y, where x is the major version number, and y is the minor version number.

When an application encounters a flash archive with an unknown major version number, it should issue an error message and exit.

The archive identification section is plain text, delimited with newline characters. It is composed of a series of keyword/value pairs, with one pair allowed per line. Keywords and values are separated by a single equal sign. There are no limits to the length of individual lines. Binary data to be included as the value to a keyword is base64 encoded. The keywords themselves are case-insensitive. The case-sensitivity of the values is determined by the definition of the keyword, though most are case-insensitive.

The global order of the keywords within the identification section is undefined, save for the section boundary keywords. The identification section must begin with section_begin=ident and must end with section_end=ident.

In addition to the keywords defined for the flash archive and enumerated below, users can define their own. These user-defined keywords are ignored by the flash mechanisms, but can be used by user-provided scripts or programs that process the identification section. User-defined keywords must begin with X, and contain characters other than linefeeds, equal signs, and null characters. For example, X-department is a valid user-defined keyword. department, which lacks the X- prefix, is not. Suggested naming conventions for user-defined keyword include the underscore-delimited descriptive method used for the pre-defined keywords, or a federated convention similar to that used to name Java packages.

Applications that process the identification section will process unrecognized non-user-defined keywords differently, depending on whether the archive version is known. If the application recognizes the archive specification version, it will reject any unrecognized non-user-defined keyword. If the application does not recognize the specification version, that is, if the minor version number is higher than the highest minor version it knows how to process, unrecognized non-user-defined keywords will be ignored. These ignored keyword are reported to the user by means of a non-fatal warning message.

The keywords defined for this version of the Flash archive specification are listed below.

Note that future versions of the identification section might define additional keywords. The only guarantee regarding the new keywords is that they will not intrude upon the user-defined keyword namespace as given above.

The following is an example identification section:

section_begin=identification
files_archived_method=cpio
files_compressed_method=compress
files_archived_size=259323342
files_unarchived_size=591238111
creation_date=20000131221409
creation_master=pumbaa
content_name=Finance Print Server
content_type=server
content_description=Solaris 8 Print Server
content_author=Mighty Matt
content_architectures=sun4u,sun4m
creation_node=pumbaa
creation_hardware_class=sun4u
creation_platform=SUNW,Sun-Fire
creation_processor=sparc
creation_release=5.9
creation_os_name=SunOS
creation_os_version=s81_49
x-department=Internal Finance

The following are descriptions of the identification section keywords:

• section_begin
• section_end

These keywords are used to delimit sections in the archive and are not limited exclusively to the identification section. For example, the archive files section includes a section_begin keyword, though with a different value. User-defined archive sections will be delimited by section_begin and section_end keywords, with values appropriate to each section. The currently defined section names are given in the table below. User-defined names should follow the same convention as user-defined identification sections, with the additional restriction that they not contain forward slashes ( / ).

Note that while the archive cookie does not use section boundaries, and thus has no need for a section name within the archive itself, the flar(1M) command uses section names when splitting the archive, and thus requires a section name for the archive cookie. The name cookie is reserved for that purpose.

The following keywords, used in the archive identification section, describe the contents of the archive files section.

archive_id

This optional keyword uniquely describes the contents of the archive. It is computed as a unique hash value of the bytes representing the archive. Currently this value is represented as an ASCII hexadecimal 128-bit MD5 hash of the archive contents. This value is used by the installation software only to validate the contents of the archive during archive installation.

If the keyword is present, the hash value is recomputed during extraction based on the contents of the archive being extracted. If the recomputed value does not match the stored value in the identification section, the archive is deemed corrupt, and appropriate actions can be taken by the application.

If the keyword is not present, no integrity check is performed.

files_archived_method

This keyword describes the archive method used in the files section. If this keyword is not present, the files section is assumed to be in CPIO format with ASCII headers (the -c option to cpio). If the keyword is present, it can have the following value:

cpio

The archive format in the files section is CPIO with ASCII headers.

The compression method indicated by the files_compressed_method keyword (if present) is applied to the archive file created by the archive method.

The introduction of additional archive methods will require a change in the major archive specification version number, as applications aware only of cpio will be unable to extract archives that use other archive methods.

files_compressed_method

This keyword describes the compression algorithm (if any) used on the files section. If this keyword is not present, the files section is assumed to be uncompressed. If the keyword is present, it can have one of the following values:

none

The files section is not compressed.

compress

The files section is compressed using compress(1).

The compression method indicated by this keyword is applied to the archive file created by the archive method indicated by the value of the files_archived_method keyword (if any). gzip compression of the flash archive is not currently supported, as the gzip decompression program is not included in the standard miniroot.

Introduction of an additional compression algorithm would require a change in the major archive specification version number, as applications aware only of the above methods will be unable to extract archives that use other compression algorithms.

files_archived_size

The value associated with this keyword is the size of the archived files section, in bytes. This value is used by the deployment software only to give extraction progress information to the user. While the deployment software can easily determine the size of the archived files section prior to extraction, it cannot do so in the case of archive retrieval via a stream. To determine the compressed size when extracting from a stream, the extraction software would have to read the stream twice. This double read would result in an unacceptable performance penalty compared to the value of the information gathered.

If the keyword is present, the value is used only for the provision of status information. Because this keyword is only advisory, deployment software must be able to handle extraction of archives for which the actual file section size does not match the size given in files_archive_size.

If files_archive_size is not present and the archive is being read from a stream device that does not allow the prior determination of size information, such as a tape drive, completion status information will not be generated. If the keyword is not present and the archive is being read from a random-access device such as a mounted filesystem, or from a stream that provides size information, the compressed size will be generated dynamically and used for the provision of status information.

files_unarchived_size

This keyword defines the cumulative size in bytes of the extracted archive. The value is used for filesystem size verification. The following verification methods are possible using this approach:

No checking

If the files_unarchived_size keyword is absent, no spacechecking will be performed.

Aggregate checking

If the files_unarchived_size keyword is present and the associated value is an integer, the integer will be compared against the aggregate free space created by the requested filesystem configuration.

The following keywords provide descriptive information about the archive as a whole. They are generally used to assist the user in archive selection and to aid in archive management. These keywords are all optional and are used by the deployment programs only to assist the user in distinguishing between individual archives.

creation_date

The value of the creation_date keyword is a textual timestamp representing the time of creation for the archive. The value of this keyword can be overridden at archive creation time through the flarcreate(1M). The timestamp must be in ISO-8601 complete basic calendar format without the time designator (ISO-8601, §5.4.1(a)) as follows:

CCYYMMDDhhmmss

For example:

20000131221409 (January 31st, 2000 10:14:09pm)

The date and time included in the value should be in GMT.

creation_master

The value of the creation_master keyword is the name of the master machine used to create the archive. The value can be overridden at archive creation time.

content_name

The value of the content_name keyword should describe the archive's function and purpose. It is similar to the NAME parameter found in Solaris packages.

The value of the content_name keyword is used by the deployment utilities to identify the archive and can be presented to the user during the archive selection process and/or the extraction process. The value must be no longer than 256 characters.

content_type

The value of this keyword specifies a category for the archive. This category is defined by the user and is used by deployment software for display purposes. This keyword is the flash analog of the Solaris packaging CATEGORY keyword.

content_description

The value of this keyword is used to provide the user with a description of what the archive contains and should build on the description provided in content_name. In this respect, content_description is analogous to the DESC keyword used in Solaris packages.

There is no length limit to the value of content_description. To facilitate display, the value can contain escaped newline characters. As in C, the escaped newline takes the form of \n. Due to the escaped newline, backlashes must be included as \\. The description is displayed in a non-proportional font, with at least 40 characters available per line. Lines too long for display are wrapped.

content_author

The value of this keyword is a user-defined string identifying the creator of the archive. Suggested values include the full name of the creator, the creator's email address, or both.

content_architectures

The value of this keyword is a comma-delimited list of the kernel architectures supported by the given archive. The value of this keyword is generated at archive creation time, and can be overridden by the user at that time. If this keyword is present in the archive, the extraction mechanism validates the kernel architecture of the clone system with the list of architectures supported by the archive. The extraction fails if the kernel architecture of the clone is not supported by the archive. If the keyword is not present, no architecture validation is performed.

The keywords listed below, all of the form creation_*, as do the preceding keywords, describe the archive as a whole. By default, values for these keywords are filled in by uname(2) at the time the flash archive is created. If you create a flash archive in which the root directory is not /, the flash archive software inserts the string UNKNOWN for all of the creation_* keywords except creation_node, creation_release, and creation_os_name. For creation_node, the flash software uses the contents of the nodename(4) file. For creation_release and creation_os_name, the flash software attempts to use the contents of <root_directory>/var/sadm/system/admin/INST_RELEASE. If it is unsuccessful in reading this file, it assigns the value UNKNOWN.

Regardless of their sources, you cannot override the values of the creation_* keywords.

creation_node

The return from uname -n.

creation_hardware_class

The return from uname -m.

creation_platform

The return from uname -i.

creation_processor

The return from uname -p.

creation_release

The return from uname -r.

creation_os_name

The return from uname -s.

creation_os_version

The return from uname -v.

Following the identification section can be zero or more user-defined sections. These sections are not processed by the archive extraction code and can be used for any purpose.

User-defined sections must be line-oriented, terminated with newline (ASCII 0x0a) characters. There is no limit on the length of individual lines. If binary data is to be included in a user-defined section, it should be encoded using base64 or a similar algorithm.

The archive files section contains the files gathered from the master system. While the length of this section should be the same as the value of the files_archived_size keyword in the identification section, you should not assume that these two values are equal. This section begins with section_begin=archive, but it does not have an ending section boundary.