Setting Up and Configuring NIS Service
This chapter describes initial set up and configuration of the Network Information Service (NIS).
Note - In some contexts, machine names are referred to as host names or machine names. This discussion uses "machine," but some screen messages or NIS map names might use host or machine.
This chapter covers the following topics.
Configuring NIS -- Task Map
Task | For Instructions, Go To |
|---|---|
Prepare source files for conversion. | |
Set up master server using ypinit | |
Start NIS on master server. | |
Set up slave servers. | |
Set up NIS client. |
Before You Begin Configuring NIS
Before configuring your NIS namespace, you must do the following.
Install properly configured nsswitch.conf files on all the machines that will be using NIS. See Chapter 2, The Name Service Switch (Overview) for details.
Plan your NIS domain. See the following section.
Planning Your NIS Domain
Before you configure machines as NIS servers or clients, you must plan the NIS domain.
Decide which machines will be in your NIS domain. An NIS domain does not have to be congruent with your network. A network can have more than one NIS domain, and there can be machines on your network that are outside of your NIS domain.
Choose an NIS domain name, which can be 256 characters long. A good practice is to limit domain names to no more than 32 characters. Domain names are case-sensitive. For convenience, you can use your Internet domain name as the basis for your NIS domain name. For example, if your Internet domain name is doc.com, you can name your NIS domain doc.com. If you wanted to divide doc.com into two NIS domains, one for the sales department and the other for the manufacturing department, you could name one sales.doc.com and the other manf.doc.com.
Before a machine can use NIS services, the correct NIS domain name and machine name must be set. A machine's name is set by the machine's /etc/nodename file and the machine's domain name is set by the machine's /etc/defaultdomain file. These files are read at boot time and the contents are used by the uname -S and domainname commands, respectively. Diskless machines read these files from their boot server.
Identify Your NIS Servers and Clients
Select one machine to be the master server. Decide which machines, if any, will be slave servers.
Decide which machines will be NIS clients. Typically all machines in your domain are set to be NIS clients, although this is not necessary.
Preparing the Master Server
Source Files Directory
The source files should be located in the /etc directory, on the master server or in some other directory. Having them in /etc is undesirable because the contents of the maps are then the same as the contents of the local files on the master server. This is a special problem for passwd and shadow files because all users have access to the master server maps and the root password would be passed to all YP clients through the passwd map. See "Passwd Files and Namespace Security" for additional information.
However, if you put the source files in some other directory, you must modify the Makefile in /var/yp by changing the DIR=/etc line to DIR=/your-choice, where your-choice is the name of the directory you will be using to store the source files. This allows you to treat the local files on the server as if they were those of a client. (It is good practice to first save a copy of the original Makefile.)
In addition, if audit_user, auth_attr, exec_attr and prof_attr are to be taken from a directory other than the default, you must amend the RBACDIR =/etc/security to RBACDIR=/your-choice.
Passwd Files and Namespace Security
The passwd map is a special case. In addition to the old Solaris 1 passwd file format, this implementation of NIS accepts the Solaris 7 /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow file formats as input for building the NIS password maps.
For security reasons, the files used to build the NIS password maps should not contain an entry for root, to prevent unauthorized root access. Therefore, the password maps should not be built from the files located in the master server's /etc directory. The password files used to build the password maps should have the root entry removed from them and be located in a directory that can be protected from unauthorized access.
For example, the master server password input files should be stored in a directory such as /var/yp, or any directory of your choice, as long as the file itself is not a link to another file and its location is specified in the Makefile. The /usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypstart script automatically sets the correct directory option according to the configuration specified in your Makefile.
Caution - Be sure that the passwd file in the directory
specified by PWDDIR does not contain
an entry for root.
If your source files are in a directory other than /etc, you must alter the PWDIR password macro in the Makefile to refer to the directory where the passwd and shadow files reside, changing the line PWDIR=/etc to PWDIR/your-choice, where your-choice is the name of the directory you will be using to store the passwd map source files.
Preparing Source Files for Conversion to NIS Maps
Prepare the source files for conversion to NIS maps.
How to Prepare Source Files for Conversion
Become superuser.
Check the source files on the master server to make sure they reflect an up-to-date picture of your environment.
Check the following files:
auto.home or auto_home
auto.master or auto_master
bootparams
ethers
group
hosts
ipnodes
netgroup
netmasks
networks
passwd
protocols
rpc
service
shadow
user_attr
Copy all of these source files, except passwd, to the DIR directory that you have selected.
Copy the passwd file to the PWDIR directory that you have selected.
Copy audit_user, auth_attr, exec_attr, and prof_attr to the selected RBACDIR directory.
Check the /etc/mail/aliases file.
Unlike other source files, the /etc/mail/aliases file cannot be moved to another directory. This file must reside in the /etc/mail directory. Make sure that the /etc/mail/aliases source file contains all the mail aliases that you want to have available throughout the domain. Refer to aliases(4) for more information.
Clean all comments and other extraneous lines and information from the source files.
These operations can be done through a sed or awk script or with a text editor. The Makefile performs some file cleaning automatically for you, but it is good practice to examine and clean these files by hand before running.
Make sure that the data in all the source files is correctly formatted.
Source file data needs to be in the correct format for that particular file. Check the man pages for the different files to make sure that each file is in the correct format.