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SYNOPSIS
Sparc
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| as [-b] [ -K PIC] [-L] [-m] [-n] [-o outfile] [-P] [-Dname] [-Dname=def] [-Ipath] [-Uname ...] [-q] [ -Qy | n] [-s] [ -S [ a | b | c | l | A | B | C | L]] [-T] [-V] [ -xarch=v7 | -xarch=v8 | -xarch=v8a | -xarch=v8plus | -xarch=v8plusa | -xarch=v9 | -xarch=v9a ] [-xF] filename ... |
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IA
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| as [-b] [ -K PIC] [-L] [-m] [-n] [-o outfile] [-P] [-Dname] [-Dname=def] [-Ipath] [-Uname ...] [ -Qy | n] [-s] [ -S [ a | b | c | l | A | B | C | L]] [-T] [-V] filename ... |
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The as command creates
object files from assembly language source files.
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Common Options
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The following flags are common to both SPARC and IA. They may be specified in any order:
- -b
- Generates extra symbol table information for the Sun SourceBrowser.
- -K PIC
- Generates position-independent code.
- -L
- Saves all symbols, including temporary labels that are normally discarded to save space, in the ELF symbol table.
- -m
- Runs the m4(1) macro processor
on the input to the assembler.
- -n
- Suppresses all the warnings while assembling.
- -o outfile
- Puts the output of the assembly in outfile. By default, the output file name is
formed by removing the .s suffix, if there is one, from the input file name and appending a .o suffix.
- -P
- Runs cpp(1), the C preprocessor,
on the files being assembled. The preprocessor is run separately on each input file, not on their concatenation. The preprocessor output is passed to the assembler.
- -Dname
- -Dname=def
- When the -P option is in effect,
these options are passed to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the as command; otherwise, they are ignored.
- -Ipath
- When the -P option is in effect, this option is passed to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the as command; otherwise, it is ignored.
- -Uname
- When the -P option is in effect, this option is passed to the cpp(1) preprocessor without interpretation by the as command; otherwise, it is ignored.
- -Qy | n
- If y is specified, this option produces the "assembler
version" information in the comment section of the output object file. If n is specified, the information is suppressed.
- -s
- Places all stabs in the .stabs section. By default, stabs are placed in stabs.excl sections, which are
stripped out by the static linker, ld(1), during final execution. When the -s
option is used, stabs remain in the final executable because .stab sections are not stripped by the static linker.
- -S[a|b|c|l|A|B|C|L]
- Produces a disassembly of the emitted code to the standard output. Adding each of the following characters to the -S
option produces:
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a
- disassembling with address
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b
- disassembling with ".bof"
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c
- disassembling with comments
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l
- disassembling with line numbers
Capital letters turn the switch off for the corresponding option.
- -T
- This is a migration option for 4.x assembly files to be assembled on 5.x systems. With
this option, the symbol names in 4.x assembly files will be interpreted as 5.x symbol names.
- -V
- Writes the version number of the assembler being run on the standard error output.
- -xF
- Generates additional information for performance analysis of the executable using Sun WorkShop analyzer. If the input file does not contain
any stabs (debugging directives), then the assembler will generate some default stabs which are needed by the Sun WorkShop analyzer. Also see the dbx manual page available with Sun Workshop.
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Options for SPARC only
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- -q
- Performs a quick assembly. When the -q option is used, many error checks are not performed. Note: This option disables many error checks. Use of this option to assemble handwritten assembly language is not recommended.
- -xarch=v7
- This option instructs the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC version 7 (V7) architecture. The resulting object code
is in ELF format.
- -xarch=v8
- This option instructs the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-V8 architecture, less the quad-precision floating-point
instructions. The resulting object code is in ELF format.
- -xarch=v8a
- This option instructs the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-V8 architecture, less the quad-precision floating-point
instructions and less the fsmuld instruction. The resulting object code is in ELF format. This is the default choice of the -xarch=options.
- -xarch=v8plus
- This option instructs the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, less the quad-precision floating-point
instructions. The resulting object code is in ELF format. It will not execute on a Solaris V8 system (a machine with a V8 processor). It will execute on a Solaris V8+ system. This combination is a SPARC
64-bit processor and a 32-bit OS.
- -xarch=v8plusa
- This option instructs the assembler to accept instructions defined in the SPARC-V9 architecture, less the quad-precision floating-point
instructions, plus the instructions in the Visual Instruction Set (VIS). The resulting object code is in V8+ ELF format. It will not execute on a Solaris V8 system (a machine with a V8 processor). It will
execute on a Solaris V8+ system
- -xarch=v9
- This option limits the instruction set to the SPARC-V9 architecture. The resulting .o object files are in 64-bit ELF format and can only
be linked with other object files in the same format. The resulting executable can only be run on a 64-bit SPARC processor running 64-bit Solaris with the 64-bit kernel.
- -xarch=v9a
- This option limits the instruction set to the SPARC-V9 architecture, adding the Visual Instruction Set (VIS) and extensions specific
to UltraSPARC processors. The resulting .o object files are in 64-bit ELF format and can only be linked with other object files in the same format. The resulting executable can only be run on a 64-bit SPARC
processor running 64-bit Solaris with the 64-bit kernel.
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The following operand is supported:
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filename
- Assembly language source file
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TMPDIR
- The as command normally creates temporary files in the directory /tmp. Another directory may be specified by setting the environment variable TMPDIR to the chosen directory. (If TMPDIR is not a valid directory, then as will use /tmp).
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By default, as creates its temporary files in /tmp.
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See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following
attributes:
ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
Availability | SUNWsprot |
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If the -m option, which invokes the m4(1) macro processor, is used, keywords
for m4 cannot be used as symbols (variables, functions, labels) in the input file, since m4 cannot determine which keywords are assembler symbols and which keywords
are real m4 macros.
Whenever possible, access the assembler through a compilation system interface program such as cc(1B).
All undefined symbols are treated as global.
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