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| | yacc - yet another compiler-compiler |
SYNOPSIS
| | /usr/ccs/bin/yacc [-dltVv] [-b file_prefix] [ -Q
[ y | n]] [-P parser] [-p sym_prefix] file |
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The yacc command converts a context-free grammar into a set of tables for a simple automaton that executes an LALR(1)
parsing algorithm. The grammar may be ambiguous. Specified precedence rules are used to break ambiguities.
The output file, y.tab.c, must be compiled by the C compiler to produce a function yyparse(). This program must be loaded with the lexical analyzer program, yylex(), as well as main() and yyerror(), an error handling routine. These routines must be supplied by the user. The lex(1) command is
useful for creating lexical analyzers usable by yacc.
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The following options are supported:
- -b file_prefix
- Use file_prefix instead of y as the prefix for all output files. The code file y.tab.c, the header file y.tab.h (created when -d is specified), and the description file y.output (created when -v is specified), will be changed to file_prefix.tab.c, file_prefix.tab.h, and file_prefix.output, respectively.
- -d
- Generates the file y.tab.h with the #define statements that associate the yacc user-assigned "token codes" with the user-declared "token names". This association allows source files other than y.tab.c to access the token codes.
- -l
- Specifies that the code produced in y.tab.c will not contain any #line constructs. This option should only be used after the grammar and the associated actions are fully debugged.
- -P parser
- Allows you to specify the parser of your choice instead of /usr/ccs/bin/yaccpar. For example, you can specify:
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example% yacc -P ~/myparser parser.y
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- -p sym_prefix
- Uses sym_prefix instead of yy as the prefix for all external names produced by yacc. The names affected include the functions yyparse(), yylex() and yyerror(), and the variables yylval, yychar and yydebug. (In the remainder of this section, the six symbols cited are referenced using their default names only as a notational convenience.) Local names may also be affected by the -p option. However, the -p option does not affect #define symbols generated by yacc.
- -Q[y|n]
- The -Qy option puts the version stamping information in y.tab.c. This allows you to know what version of yacc built the file. The -Qn option (the default) writes no version information.
- -t
- Compiles runtime debugging code by default. Runtime debugging code is always generated in y.tab.c under conditional compilation control. By default, this code is not included when y.tab.c is compiled. Whether or not the -t option is used, the runtime debugging code is under the control of YYDEBUG , a preprocessor symbol. If YYDEBUG
has a non-zero value, then the debugging code is included. If its value is 0, then the code will not be included. The size and execution time of a program produced without the runtime debugging code will be smaller and slightly faster.
- -V
- Prints on the standard error output the version information for yacc.
- -v
- Prepares the file y.output, which contains a description of the parsing tables and a report on conflicts generated by ambiguities in the grammar.
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The following operand is required:
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file
- A path name of a file containing instructions for which a parser is to be created.
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| | Example 1. Accessing the yacc library
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Access to the yacc library is obtained with library search operands to cc. To use the yacc library main:
Both the lex library and the yacc library contain main. To access the yacc main:
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example% cc y.tab.c lex.yy.c -ly -ll
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This ensures that the yacc library is searched first, so that its main is used.
The historical yacc libraries have contained two simple functions that are normally coded by the application programmer. These library functions are similar to the following code:
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#include <locale.h>
int main(void)
{
extern int yyparse();
setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
/* If the following parser is one created by lex, the
application must be careful to ensure that LC_CTYPE
and LC_COLLATE are set to the POSIX locale. */
(void) yyparse();
return (0);
}
#include <stdio.h>
int yyerror(const char *msg)
{
(void) fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", msg);
return (0);
}
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See environ(5) for descriptions of the following environment variables that affect the execution of yacc: LC_CTYPE, LC_MESSAGES, and NLSPATH.
yacc can handle characters from EUC primary and supplementary codesets as one-token symbols. EUC codes may only be single character quoted terminal symbols. yacc expects yylex() to return a wide character (wchar_t) value for these one-token symbols.
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The following exit values are returned:
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0
- Successful completion.
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>0
- An error occurred.
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y.output
- state transitions of the generated parser
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y.tab.c
- source code of the generated parser
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y.tab.h
- header file for the generated parser
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yacc.acts
- temporary file
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yacc.debug
- temporary file
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yacc.tmp
- temporary file
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yaccpar
- parser prototype for C programs
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See attributes(5) for descriptions of the following attributes:
| ATTRIBUTE TYPE | ATTRIBUTE VALUE |
| Availability | SUNWbtool |
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The number of reduce-reduce and shift-reduce conflicts is reported on the standard error output. A more detailed report is found in the y.output file. Similarly, if some rules are not reachable from the start symbol, this instance is also reported.
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Because file names are fixed, at most one yacc process can be active in a given directory at a given time.
Users are encouraged to avoid using '$' as part of any identifier name.
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