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| | fd, fdc - drivers
for floppy disks and floppy disk controllers |
SYNOPSIS
SPARC
IA
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The fd driver provides the interfaces to the floppy
disks using the Intel 82072 on sun4c systems and the Intel 82077 on sun4m
systems.
The fd and fdc drivers provide
the interfaces to floppy disks using the Intel 8272, Intel 82077, NEC 765,
or compatible disk controllers on IA based systems.
The default partitions for the floppy driver are:
- a
- All cylinders except the last
- b
- Only the last cylinder
- c
- Entire diskette
The fd driver autosenses the density of the diskette.
When the floppy is first opened the driver looks for a SunOS label
in logical block 0 of the diskette. If attempts to read the SunOS label
fail, the open will fail. If block 0 is read successfully but a SunOS label
is not found, auto-sensed geometry and default partitioning are assumed.
The fd driver supports both block and raw interfaces.
The block files (/dev/diskette*) access the diskette
using the system's normal buffering mechanism and may be read and written
without regard to physical diskette records.
There is also a raw (/dev/rdiskette*)
interface that provides for direct transmission between the diskette and
the user's read or write buffer. A single read(2) or write(2)
call usually results in one I/O operation; therefore raw I/O is considerably
more efficient when larger blocking factors are used. A blocking factor
of no less than 8 Kbytes is recommended. See the Notes section, below, for
information on the number of sectors per track.
3.5" Diskettes
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For 3.5" double-sided diskettes, the following densities are supported:
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SPARC
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- 1.7 Mbyte
density
- 80 cylinders, 21 sectors per track, 1.7 Mbyte
capacity
- high density
- 80 cylinders, 18
sectors per track, 1.44 Mbyte capacity
- double density
- 80 cylinders, 9
sectors per track, 720 Kbyte capacity
- medium density
- 77 cylinders, 8
sectors per track, 1.2 Mbyte capacity (sun4m only)
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IA
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- extended
density
- 80 cylinders, 36 sectors per track, 2.88 Mbyte
capacity
- 1.7 Mbyte density
- 80 cylinders,
21 sectors per track, 1.7 Mbyte capacity
- high density
- 80 cylinders, 18
sectors per track, 1.44 Mbyte capacity
- double density
- 80 cylinders, 9
sectors per track, 760 Kbyte capacity
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5.25" Diskettes
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For 5.25" double-sided diskettes on IA platforms, the densities
listed below are supported:
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SPARC
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5.25" diskettes are not supported on SPARC platforms.
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IA
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- high density
- 80 cylinders, 15 sectors per track, 1.2 Mbyte capacity
- double density
- 40 cylinders, 9
sectors per track, 360 Kbyte capacity
- double density
- 40 cylinders, 8
sectors per track, 320 Kbyte capacity
- quad density
- 80 cylinders, 9 sectors
per track, 720 Kbyte capacity
- double density
- 40 cylinders, 16
sectors per track (256 bytes per sector), 320 Kbyte capacity
- double density
- 40 cylinders, 4
sectors per track (1024 bytes per sector), 320 Kbyte capacity
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-
EBUSY
- During opening, the partition has
been opened for exclusive access and another process wants to open the partition.
Once open, this error is returned if the floppy disk driver attempted to
pass a command to the floppy disk controller when the controller was busy
handling another command. In this case, the application should try the
operation again.
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EFAULT
- An invalid address was specified in an ioctl command (see fdio(7I)).
-
EINVAL
- The number of bytes read or written is not a multiple of the diskette's
sector size. This error is also returned when an unsupported command is
specified using the FDIOCMD ioctl
command (see fdio(7I)).
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EIO
- During
opening, the diskette does not have a label or there is no diskette in the
drive. Once open, this error is returned if the requested I/O transfer
could not be completed.
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ENOSPC
- An attempt was made to write past the end of the diskette.
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ENOTTY
- The floppy disk driver does not support the requested ioctl functions (see
fdio(7I)).
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ENXIO
- The floppy disk device does not exist or the device is not ready.
-
EROFS
- The floppy disk device is opened for write access and the diskette in the
drive is write protected.
IA Only
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-
ENOSYS
- The floppy disk device does not
support the requested ioctl function ( FDEJECT).
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The driver attempts to initialize itself using the information found
in the configuration file, /platform/i86pc/kernel/drv/fd.conf.
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name="fd" parent="fdc" unit=0;
name="fd" parent="fdc" unit=1;
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SPARC
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-
/platform/sun4c/kernel/drv/fd
- driver module
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/platform/sun4m/kernel/drv/fd
- driver module
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/platform/sun4u/kernel/drv/fd
- driver module
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/usr/include/sys/fdreg.h
- structs and definitions for Intel 82072 and 82077 controllers
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/usr/include/sys/fdvar.h
- structs and definitions for floppy drivers
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/dev/diskette
- device file
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/dev/diskette0
- device file
-
/dev/rdiskette
- raw device file
-
/dev/rdiskette0
- raw device file
For ucb Compatibility
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/dev/fd0[a-c]
- block file
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/dev/rfd0[a-c]
- raw file
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/vol/dev/diskette0
- directory containing volume management character device file
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/vol/dev/rdiskette0
- directory containing the volume management raw character device file
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/vol/dev/aliases/floppy0
- symbolic link to the entry in /vol/dev/rdiskette0
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IA
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/platform/i86pc/kernel/drv/fd
- driver module
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/platform/i86pc/kernel/drv/fd.conf
- configuration file for floppy driver
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/platform/i86pc/kernel/drv/fdc
- floppy-controller driver module
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/platform/i86pc/kernel/drv/fdc.conf
- configuration file for the floppy-controller
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/usr/include/sys/fdc.h
- structs and definitions for IA floppy devices
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/usr/include/sys/fdmedia.h
- structs and definitions for IA floppy media
IA First Drive
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/dev/diskette
- device file
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/dev/diskette0
- device file
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/dev/rdiskette
- raw device file
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/dev/rdiskette0
- raw device file
For ucb Compatibility
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/dev/fd0[a-c]
- block file
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/dev/rfd0[a-c]
- raw file
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/vol/dev/diskette0
- directory containing volume management character device file
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/vol/dev/rdiskette0
- directory containing the volume management raw character device file
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/vol/dev/aliases/floppy0
- symbolic link to the entry in /vol/dev/rdiskette0
IA Second Drive
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/dev/diskette1
- device file
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/dev/rdiskette1
- raw device file
For ucb Compatibility
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/dev/fd1[a-c]
- block file
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/dev/rfd1[a-c]
- raw file
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/vol/dev/diskette1
- directory containing volume management character device file
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/vol/dev/rdiskette1
- directory containing the volume management raw character device file
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/vol/dev/aliases/floppy1
- symbolic link to the entry in /vol/dev/rdiskette1
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All Platforms
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fd<n>: <command
name> failed (<sr1> <sr2> <sr3>)
- The <command name> failed after several retries on drive <n>. The
three hex values in parenthesis are the contents of status register 0, status
register 1, and status register 2 of the Intel 8272, the Intel 82072, and
the Intel 82077 Floppy Disk Controller on completion of the command, as
documented in the data sheet for that part. This error message is usually
followed by one of the following, interpreting the bits of the status register:
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fd<n>:
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not writable
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fd<n>:
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crc error blk <block number>
There was a data error on <block number>.
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fd<n>:
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bad format
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fd<n>:
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timeout
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fd<n>:
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drive not ready
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fd<n>:
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unformatted diskette or no diskette
in drive
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fd<n>:
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block <block number> is past
the end!
(nblk=<total number of blocks>)
The operation tried to access a block number that is greater than
the total number of blocks.
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fd<n>:
-
b_bcount 0x<op_size> not
% 0x<sect_size>
The size of an operation is not a multiple of the sector size.
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fd<n>:
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overrun/underrun
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fd<n>:
-
host bus error. There
was a hardware error on a system bus.
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SPARC Only
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Overrun/underrun errors occur when accessing a diskette while the
system is heavily loaded. Decrease the load on the system and retry the
diskette access.
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3.5" high density diskettes have 18 sectors per track and 5.25" high
density diskettes have 15 sectors per track. They can cross a track (though
not a cylinder) boundary without losing data, so when using dd(1M) or read(2)/write(2) calls
to or from the raw diskette, you should specify bs=18k or multiples thereof for 3.5" diskettes, and bs=15k or multiples thereof for 5.25" diskettes.
The SPARC fd driver is not
an unloadable module.
Under Solaris (Intel Platform Edition), the configuration of the floppy
drives is specified in CMOS configuration
memory. Use the BIOS setup program or
an EISA configuration program for the
system to define the diskette size and density/capacity for each installed
drive. Note that MS-DOS may operate the
floppy drives correctly, even though the CMOS
configuration may be in error. Solaris (Intel Platform Edition) relies
on the CMOS configuration to be accurate.
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